Agency,innkeepers doctrine,and liquor licensing law Case Study

Agency,innkeepers doctrine,and liquor licensing law - Case Study Example (a) Worf (the "third party") cannot enforce the contract against Picard (the "principal") because Riker (the "agent") acted outside its actual authority and against the instructions of the principal. In the given problem, the named principal instructed the agent to negotiate for the wine collection with a limit of $200,000 but the agent contracted, in violation of the named principal's instructions, with the third party in an amount of not less than $220,000 for the wine. If a principal is disclosed and named, and the agent acts out outside its actual or apparent authority, then only the agent is liable to the third party. Hence, Worf cannot enforce the contract against Picard.(b) No, the answer would still be the same even if the agent had not informed the third party of the name of the principal because the agent acted outside its actual authority and against the instructions of the unnamed principal. In the given problem, the unnamed principal instructed the agent to negotiate for the wine collection with a limit of $200,000 but the agent contracted, in violation of the unnamed principal's instructions, with the third party in an amount of not less than $220,000 for the wine. If a principal exists but the name of the principal is not disclosed, and the agent acts out outside its actual or apparent authority, then only the agent is liable to the third party. Hence, Worf cannot enforce the contract against Picard.(c)... In the given problem, the principal instructed the agent to negotiate for the wine collection with a limit of $200,000 but the agent contracted, in violation of the named principal's instructions, with the third party in an amount of not less than $220,000 for the wine. Specifically, the principal in the given problem has the following causes of action: (1) for rescission of the agency agreement, (2) refusal to pay the agent commission or the flat fee for the agent's services, (3) a claim for damages, (4) a cause of action for the recovery of secret commission (the 'gift' of four cases of rare vintage wine accepted by the agent), and (5) criminal charges for accepting a secret commission in the form of a 'gift' of four cases of rare vintage wine. Picard, therefore, has several causes of action against Riker. (e) Should the principal in the given problem voluntarily chose to accept the agreement concluded by his agent and the third party, Picard will be deemed to have ratified the acts of his agent. Under the legal principle of ratification, where an agent enters into a contract without any authority, the principal can ratify the action; or where an agent enters into a contract for an existing principal and in so doing exceeds its authority, the principal can ratify the action. The principal's ratification of the agents acts, however, are subject to the following conditions for a valid ratification: (1) when contracting, the agent must be clearly acting as an agent, not personally, and the third party must be aware that they are acting as an agent; (2) the principal must exist when the agent contracts; (3) the principal must have the capacity to contract for the object of the

Brand Lifetime and Obsolescence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brand Lifetime and Obsolescence - Essay Example Brand Lifetime and Obsolescence What doesn’t die is the heritage of a brand specifically when it was never known for wrong reasons before the obsolescence. Hence, if a brand is obsolete (i.e., forgotten by people after the corresponding products become obsolete), it can be revived later by carrying out retro-branding by making people recall the old heritage of the brand and then link new offerings with the brand along with power sentences like â€Å"the leader is back with new promises† (Brown and Kozinets et al. 2003). However, what is important for revival of brands is that they should not remain obsolete across generations such that the people that loved them are no longer alive in the world. The only value of such brands may be their archaeological value whereby their products may be purchased as antiques. We can imagine what would had happened to Ford if they were to continue with their Model T in today’s world of flashy & stylish cars and to Sony if they were to continue with their Walkman in today’s world of digital entertainment. These brands have survived due to their continuous innovations and launch of new products maintaining the past competencies and developing new competencies. Brands do become obsolete if new innovations & products are not launched for prolonged periods and existing products & services become obsolete due to the competition killing them through the creative destruction process.